Overcoming these challenges will be key to the eventual implementation of any of the technologies reviewed in this article.Д«arrel Wear. Although a great deal of progress has been made, the following are several technical challenges that have plagued these advanced systems. The pressure transmitted from the combustion chamber to the projectile base is largely controlled by the combustion gas sound speed and ratio of specific heats.ДЄ number of promising technologies have been, and continue to be, studied to overcome the limitations of current chemical combustion-driven projectile launch systems. However, the parameters that control the performance of any chemical combustion gun are similar. Finally, the burning characteristics of the propellant determine the pressure profiles in the gun.Дue to nonideal effects, such as projectile friction, viscous drag, and heat loss to the wall, the performance of an idealized gun is not generally achieved. The gun chamber volume limits the amount of propellant and hence the total available energy gun strength limits the pressures at which the gun can operate and tube length affects the expansion ratio. Electrothermal (ET) guns (electrical source external to the gun).ДЇor a conventional solid-propellant (chemical) gun, the constraining factors on performance in terms of muzzle velocity are chamber volume, gun strength, tube length, and the combustion characteristics of the propellant.Electromagnetic (EM) guns (confined magnetic fields).

Most gun technologies can be placed into one of the following four main categories: Search resources include the Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC), Chemical Propulsion Information Analysis Center (CPIAC) Propulsion Information Retrieval System (PIRS), Internet resources, and personal communications with subject-matter experts.The literature search emphasizes development activities of the previous 10 years, to focus results on recent and ongoing research efforts.

While the focus of this assessment largely considers mobile land-based and sea-based systems, other technologies are also included for comparison and completeness.

Other assumptions and/or qualifiers are as follows:

Muzzle velocities of tank cannon projectiles in excess of 3,350 ft/s.ДЇor this study, the Defense Systems Information Analysis Center (DSIAC) assumed вЂњhypervelocityвЂќ refers to gun-launched munition systems with muzzle velocities exceeding 3,500 ft/s.

Muzzle velocities of an artillery projectile of 3,500 ft/s or greater.

To begin, it is necessary to understand what exactly is meant by the term вЂњhypervelocity.вЂќ The Dictionary of United States Army Terms defines the term as : Assumptions, Definitions, and Scope of Research This article provides a summary of that assessment. Recently, the Defense Systems Information Analysis Center (DSIAC) conducted an assessment for a DoD customer of historical and current efforts associated with the development and use of high-velocity projectile systems. Long-range, gun-launched, high-velocity and hypervelocity projectile (HVP) technologies are highly desired as potential cost-effective solutions for force protection and ballistic missile defense applications.

High velocity electric bb pistol